What is the smallest part of an element that retains its characteristics?

The smallest part of an element that retains its characteristics is an atom. Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter and are composed of subatomic particles, namely protons, neutrons, and electrons. Each element is defined by the type and number of protons in its nucleus, which determines its chemical properties.

When an element is broken down into smaller parts, such as molecules, ions, or compounds, it may lose its unique properties and behaviors. For example, a molecule consists of two or more atoms bonded together, which may form different substances with distinct characteristics. Likewise, ions are charged particles that result from the loss or gain of electrons, altering the original atom's properties. Compounds are formed when two or more different types of atoms bond together, resulting in a substance that has different characteristics from the individual elements it comprises.

Understanding that the atom serves as the basic unit that maintains the properties of an element is fundamental in the study of chemistry and the interactions between various substances.